(Photo: ‘Derbent on the Persian Border’ by Adam Olearius, ca. 1636)
540s – Sasanian-era Persian Emperor Yazdegerd II made a mud-brick defensive wall to block Derbent / Darband pass.
568 – The foritifications of Derbent was established by the order of emperor Khusrow Anushirvan.
628 – Khazars occupied Derbent.
643 – Following the Arab invasion of Persia, Derbent was conquered by Muslim Army
869 – Derbent became independent temporarily and ruled by two Arab-origin dynasties: Sulamid and Aglabi.
1065 – Derbent became part of Seljuk Empire
1239 – Mongols conquered Derbent
1395 – Derbent became part of Timurid Empire.
1501 – Safavid dynasty revived the Persian Empire and incorporated Derbent into its territory.
1722 – Russian emperor Peter the Great captured Derbent in his Persian campaign.
1735 – Treaty of Ganja: Russia’s Empress Anna Ioannovna returned Derbent to Persia’s Nader Shah.
1747 – Following the death of Nader Shah, Khanates came to power in Derbent.
1795 – Aga Mohammad Khan, founder of Qajar dynasty, incorporated Derbent into Persia.
1813 – Following the Russian-Persian Wars and Treaty of Gulistan, Derbent became part of Russia.
2003 – Fortifications of Derbent was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
2005 – Derbent celebrates 2,000 years of history and multiculturalism.
بیشتر بخوانید: مستندی از بزرگترین سامانه دفاعی ساسانیان در قفقاز / بی.بی.سی
Sources:
* Thordarson, Fridrik. Dagestan. Encyclopedia Iranica, Vol. VI, Fasc. 6, 1993.
* Gadjiev, Murtazali. On the Construction Date of the Derbend Fortification Complex. Iran & the Caucasus, Vol. 12, No. 1 (2008).
* Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent. UNESCO World Heritage Site. 2003.
* Derbent celebrates 2,000 years of history and multiculturalism. EuroNews, 1 September 2015.
